The Bystander Effect Traffic Jam
A group of four social psychologists were riding together in a car on their way to a national conference on group dynamics and social influence. Suddenly, the car ran out of gas right in the middle of a busy city intersection.
The car came to a complete stop, blocking traffic in all directions. Drivers behind them began honking loudly and waving their arms impatiently.
Instead of pushing the vehicle to the side of the road, all four social psychologists sat calmly in their seats. After ten minutes, the driver looked back and said, 'Well, according to diffusion of responsibility, one of those honking drivers behind us will surely step out and push us off the road any second now.'
Solomon Asch Line Test at a Restaurant
A group of experimental psychologists went out to a steakhouse to celebrate a successful grant application. When the waiter brought out the menu, the lead researcher decided to run a quick unannounced experiment on the youngest member of the group.
When the waiter asked how everyone wanted their steaks cooked, the lead researcher ordered his steak burnt to a crisp like charcoal. The second researcher nodded and said, 'Yes, charred to blackness.' The third and fourth researchers ordered the exact same thing.
When the waiter finally turned to the young researcher, who had spent his whole life loving rare steak, he hesitated, swallowed hard, and stammered, 'I'll... I'll also have mine burnt to absolute ash, please.'
In-Group Bias at the Stadium
Two rivalry sports teams were playing in a heated championship match. In the second half, the referee called a controversial penalty against the home team, sending fifty thousand fans into an uproar of furious boos and complaints.
A social scientist studying social identity theory sat in the bleachers, quietly recording the crowd's emotional reactions in his leather notebook.
Ten minutes later, the referee made the exact same foul call against the visiting away team. The entire home crowd immediately erupted into cheers, shouting, 'Great call! Outstanding officiating!' The scientist wrote down: 'Subject group demonstrates zero moral consistency, outstanding in-group bias.'
The Conformity Elevator Experiment
A man walked into an elevator in a high-rise office building, facing forward toward the door like normal. At the next floor, four actors involved in a psychological research study stepped into the car.
Without saying a single word, all four actors turned around and faced the back wall of the elevator. The man looked at them confusedly, glanced at his watch, and shifted his feet anxiously.
By the time the elevator reached the next floor, the man had slowly, almost unconsciously, rotated his body completely around and was staring intently at the blank back wall alongside the actors.