Piaget's Conservation of Liquid
A developmental psychologist was conducting Piagetian conservation experiments with her four-year-old son in the kitchen during breakfast. She poured equal amounts of orange juice into two identical short, wide glasses.
'Do these two glasses have the exact same amount of juice?' she asked.
'Yes, Mom,' the boy answered clearly.
She then took one of the glasses and poured all its contents into a tall, skinny glass. 'Now, which glass has more juice?'
The boy pointed straight to the tall glass and said, 'That one!' The psychologist smiled, taking quick notes on cognitive development stages. Then the boy added, 'And also, that's the one you put the extra juice in while I was looking at your notebook!'
The Object Permanence Hide-and-Seek
A father who was finishing his PhD in child psychology was playing a simple game of hide-and-seek with his eight-month-old infant daughter in the living room.
He held up a small bright blue blanket in front of his face and said, 'Where did Daddy go?' A few seconds later, he pulled the blanket down and yelled, 'Peek-a-boo!'
The baby didn't laugh or smile; she just stared at him with complete indifference. The father put the blanket back up, lowered it again, and tried again. Finally, the baby let out a tiny sigh, crawled over to her toy box, and grabbed a rattle—clearly convinced her father had momentarily ceased to exist in the physical realm.
The Marshmallow Test Delay
A researcher was administering the famous Stanford Marshmallow Experiment to a group of young children in a preschool classroom. He placed one fresh marshmallow on a plate in front of a five-year-old boy.
'If you wait fifteen minutes without eating this marshmallow while I leave the room, you will get a second marshmallow as a reward,' the researcher explained.
The researcher stepped out and watched through the two-way mirror. The child didn't hesitate for a single second. He immediately grabbed the marshmallow, ripped it in half, ate one half, and carefully smoothed out the remaining half to look like a whole marshmallow.
When the researcher returned, the boy smiled innocently and said, 'I waited! Now where's my second half-marshmallow?'
Attachment Theory at the Park
Two developmental researchers were sitting on a park bench watching parents interact with their toddlers near the playground equipment.
They observed one child who ran off towards the high monkey bars without looking back once, while another child stayed glued right to his mother's knee, refusing to let go of her coat.
The first researcher said, 'Look at that secure base exploration over there!'
The second researcher looked closer and replied, 'Actually, that kid on the monkey bars isn't securely attached—he just saw an untied shoelace and is running away from his mom before she makes him put on his sweater.'